Emulsified Vaccines: Manufactured with Water-In-Oil (W/O)
Adjuvants are substances that enhance the body's response to antigens used in vaccines. When added to antigens (viruses, bacteria, peptides, etc.), adjuvant - especially oily adjuvant - can improve immune response. An appropriate adjuvant from appropriate are oily products ready for use, each specially formulated for a single type of emulsion (W / O, O / W, W / O / W). The adjuvant and emulsion types depend on the target pathology and types. For pathologies such as Foot and Mouth Disease (cattle, swine), Avian Influenza or Newcastle Disease (chicken), Water-water adjuvants can improve performance policy by introducing a strong and long-lasting drug. Non-infection.
In the case of cancer treatment with immunotherapy, Water-In-Oil adjuvants have been shown to provide an effective immune response and a long-lasting effect on the depot.
Important Points
Vaccine production should be done in an open area to avoid contamination during production or storage. Final sterilisation of emulsified injections is technically impossible, so an aseptic procedure is required.
After construction, the goals should be:
Barren and Stable - up to 2 years at 39 ° F, no mixing, limited decay and oil release.
Consistency - from one group to another to ensure uniformity of immune defences due to the repetitive process.
The process
To produce a stable emulsified W / O vaccine with immunosuppressive properties, the production process must reach tiny emulsion droplets (<1 µm) with monomodal dispersion and small particle size. The use of the high shear power provided by the Wahal Engineer rotor/stator mixer is required to achieve this goal.
The process must be improved to reduce droplet size, prevent soil erosion over time, and avoid over-slipping and waterlogging as it may affect the safety and effectiveness of the policy.
The infertility of the vaccine is confirmed by the aseptic process using the first seed material (smoke closure) and auxiliary substances (filtration). Process equipment must meet several requirements, depending on both design and construction:
Clean construction (UHS or UHLS).
Requirement-Cleaning-Area (CIP) and Interest-in-Area (SIP).
The storage areas are as close to zero as possible.
Specific features of the emulsification process containing appropriate adjuvants
The standard process of W / O emulsions containing appropriate adjuvants involves two steps:
Pre-emulsion - mixing under low shear movements of the liquid phase and oily adjuvant to form evenly large droplets to improve the droplet size of the homogeneity vaccine.
High Shear emulsifying with Wahal Engineer High Shear Mixer - excessive emulsion drops with a high shear head of Wahal Engineer mixer (Collection or In-Line).
The production vessel is subject to the shear rotation if necessary for the same purpose.
Solution
High Shear emulsifying with Wahal Engineer Mixer - This step works in a four-phase mixing cycle as follows:
Stage 1
After the pre-emulsion step, large droplets are drawn by rotating high-speed rotor blades in the centre of the work head.
Stage 2
The droplets are driven towards the work surface by centrifugal force when under the action of grinding in a small space between the rotor blades and the inner wall of the stator.
Stage 3
The droplets are then under additional shear strength by being forced at high speed through the stator tubes.
Stage 4
The tiny droplets are dissolved by dispersing the head of the work into an emulsion mass. The mixing cycle continues until the intended droplet size and stability are achieved.
Benefits
Wahal Engineer’s rotor/stator high shear alloys are commonly found in the field to adjust Water-In-Oil targets in various batch sizes. For more than 30 years, An appropriate helped vaccine manufacturers develop processes in their existing Wahal Engineer compounds or provide investment recommendations.
The length of the pre-emulsion process and the high shear step depends on the size of the batch and the adjuvant used.
For specific recommendations on your application, please contact your appropriate sales representative.
High Shear Batch Mixers
Recommended for volumes more significant than 13 US gallons
It can be considered medium volumes
In-Line mixer with 2.75 "rotors or less:
To use:
At higher frequencies, there is a standard power supply (70 - 120Hz)
With Fine Emulsion Screen (FEMSC)
In-line mixtures with 4.25 "or more rotors:
Can be used:
